Government Relations

• Definition: A broad strategy to influence public policy that includes various tactics. Often found in the private sector or as a role within a trade
• Goal: To build and maintain relationships with government officials and to influence policy outcomes
• Scope: Encompasses direct lobbying, grassroots campaigns, PAC management, and issue management
• Who does it: Corporations, non-profits, trade associations, and government entities
• Average salaries
• Sample Job Titles:
  • Government Relations Associate
  • Policy Advocate
  • State Policy Lead

Advocacy

• Definition: Supporting or arguing for a cause, idea, or policy
• Goal: To raise awareness and educate the public about specific issues
• Scope: Broad; can involve many forms of communication and outreach to shape public perception
• Who does it: Individuals, organizations, and government agencies can all engage in advocacy
• Registration: NGO advocates generally do not need to register for routine advocacy or grassroots lobbying (educating the public), but they must register if their lobbying activities exceed specific monetary or time thresholds set by federal or state laws. Organizations must also register for charitable solicitation in most states, regardless of advocacy work.
• Advocacy vs lobbying – understanding the differences.

Lobbying

• Definition: Lobbying is a specific type of advocacy that involves direct engagement with government officials to influence specific legislation or regulations
• Goal: To persuade government officials to support or oppose particular laws or policies
• Registration: Lobbyists must register with federal or state authorities depending on their jurisdiction. Federal lobbyists register with the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives. State-level lobbyists register with specific state agencies (such as the Wisconsin Ethics Commission)
  • The WEC also lists lobbyists by legislative session
  • You can also find names of lobbyists and their employers at the Association of Wisconsin Lobbyists
  • You can find federal lobbyists on Open Secrets.
• Who does it: Individuals, corporations, NGOs, and other interest groups
• Sample Job Titles for Lobbyists and Advocacy Experts:
  • Policy Advocate
  • Lobbyist
  • Grassroots Campaign Coordinator

Trade and Professional Associations

A trade association, also known as an industry trade group or business association is an organization founded and funded by organizations that operate in a specific industry (dairy distributors, beef producers). A professional association works on behalf of a group of similar people within a shared industry (doctors, social workers, etc). Through collaboration between organizations within a sector, a trade/professional association coordinates public relations activities such as advertising, education, publishing and, especially, lobbying and political action

• Focus: Representing businesses or professionals within a specific industry
• Primary goals: Promoting the industry, lobbying governments, and coordinating cooperation between member businesses
• Membership: Companies or individuals within a specific trade or field
• Activities: Lobbying, setting industry standards, and improving the public image of the industry

Unions

A union is an organization of workers who collectively bargain with their employers for better wages, benefits, and working conditions.

• Focus: Representing the interests of employees, often through collective bargaining with employers
• Primary goals: Negotiating wages, benefits, safety, and job security for workers
• Membership: Employees in a specific trade or company who pay membership fees
• Activities: Bargaining with employers, representing workers in grievances, and fighting for better terms of employment

Similarities and differences between
associations and unions

Both unions and trade associations act as a collective voice for their members, and they often both lobby governments and work to improve their respective industries.

The key difference is that unions advocate specifically for employees’ rights and interests, while trade/professional associations represent businesses or professionals to promote the industry as a whole. Learn more.

Sample job titles for this area

• Strategic Researcher
• Political Director / Policy Coordinator
• Organizer / Lead Organizer / External Organizer
• Communications Director
• Labor Educator